Fig. 4

SHAP summary plot for the random survival forest model. (A) The top 15 important features ranked by mean SHAP values, which represent the average contribution of each feature to the model’s prediction. (B) Each patient was represented by a dot, with the x-axis position indicating the SHAP value for the corresponding feature. 4hD/Pcr: dialysate/plasma creatinine ratio at 4h; LV: left ventricular; LA: left atrium; EF: ejection fraction; DM: diabetes mellitus; CVD: cardiovascular disease; IVST: interventricular septum thickness; BMI: body mass index; LVH: left ventricular hypertrophy; LVPWT: left ventricular posterior wall thickness; SHAP: SHapley Additive exPlanations